![]() ![]() Dyes in History and Archaeology 10:17–21Ĭooksey CJ (2001) Tyrian purple: 6,6'-dibromoindigo and related compounds. Wouters J (1992) A new method for the analysis of blue and purple dyes in textiles. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 42:765–770įriedländer P (1922) Über die Farbstoffe aus Purpura aperta und Purpura lapillus. Nippon Silk Gakkaishi (Journal of Silk Science and Technology of Japan) 19:15–21įriedländer P (1909) Über den Farbstoff des antiken Purpurs aus Murex brandaris. Sawada T, Ishii H, Ichikawa H, Watanabe K, Aoki J, Ueda T (2011) Development of vat-dyeing method using 6,6'-dibromoindigo and prevention of photodebromination. Koren ZC (2008) A new HPLC-PDA method for the analysis of Tyrian purple components. Voss G, Schramm W (2000) Selectively C-deuterated indigotins. Dyes in History and Archaeology 20:127–135 Anal Chem 57:1514A–1522AĬooksey CJ, Sinclair RS (2005) Colour variations in Tyrian purple dyeing. McGovern PE, Michel RH (1985) Royal purple dye: tracing the chemical origins of the industry. Dyes in History and Archaeology 21:17–25īruni S, Guglielmi V, Pozzi F (2010) Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on silver colloids for the identification of ancient textile dyes: Tyrian purple and madder. Hofmann-de Keijzer R, van Bommel MR (2008) Dyestuff analysis of two textile fragments from late antiquity. Les Editions d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris, p. Pfister R (1937) Nouveaux textiles de Palmyre. Van Alphen J (1944) Remarks on the action of light on several substances, most of them containing halogen, in particular several indigo dyes, in a reducing medium. J Text I 102:87–92ĭriessen LA (1944) Über eine charakteristische Reaktion des antiken Purpurs auf der Faser. Dyes Pigments 117:37–48īaig GA (2011) Indigo dyeing of polyester (PET) – pH effects. Ramig K, Lavinda O, Szalda DJ, Mironova I, Karimi S, Pozzi F, Shah N, Samson J, Ajiki H, Massa L, Mantzouris D, Karapanagiotis I, Cooksey C (2015) The nature of thermochromic effects in dyeings with indigo, 6-bromoindigo, and 6,6′-dibromoindigo, components of Tyrian purple. Lavinda O, Mironova I, Karimi S, Pozzi F, Samson J, Ajiki H, Massa L, Ramig K (2013) Singular thermochromic effects in dyeings with indigo, 6-bromoindigo, and 6,6'-dibromoindigo. This is postulated to be due to attractive electrostatic interactions between the leuco form of 6-bromoindigo and wool. the leuco forms of indigo and 6,6′-dibromoindigo has the strongest affinity for wool fabric. Quantitative HPLC analysis of extracts from the dyed fabrics indicates that the leuco form of 6-bromoindigo vs. This information allowed development of a dyeing procedure which is demonstrated to give consistent colors through two passes. ![]() The extent of debromination is dependent upon the pH of the dye bath and also the source of the visible light. A dyeing run using 6-bromoindigo alone is found to yield a dyed fabric containing large amounts of indigo, when the vat is exposed to visible light. ![]() For the first time, visible light is identified conclusively as a cause of debromination of the leuco form of 6-bromoindigo. Quantitative HPLC and colorimetry are used to study color variations in dyeings with indigo, 6-bromoindigo, and 6,6′-dibromoindigo, the main components of the historic dye Tyrian purple. ![]()
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